The most common type of washer is a flat washer. The washers obtain their namesake from flat design. Flat washers aren’t curved, nor do they overhang. Rather, they are totally flat on both sides. This flat design makes them highly operative at distributing loads. Without a washer, the compressive forces of a bolt will be applied to the underside of the bolt’s head. A flat washer engrosses these compressive forces while afterward allocating them more consistently. Flat washers are used to upsurge the bearing surface of a nut or fastener’s head thus scattering the clamping force over a greater area. Flat washers are embossed from sheet material making a thin plate with a hole in the center. They deliver augmented surface area to evenly allocate pressure over equipment, stop pull-outs of fasteners, and dismiss surface friction to avert loosening when fastening patchy surfaces. This modest, yet necessary piece of hardware is obtainable in a wide variety of sizes, finishes, and materials.
Flat washers are used to protect surfaces by evenly distributing torque when a bolt or screw is tightened. A nylon washer can be placed under a machine screw to reduce noise and abrasion and offer electrical
ASTM, IS, ISO, DIN, ANSI, ASME and all international standards.
Aluminum
Brass
Nylon
Silicon bronze
Stainless steel
High carbon steel
Copper
Nickel
Any other grades
Washer size refers to its nominal hole size and is based on screw size. Its outside diameter (OD) is always larger Size and OD are usually specified in fractional inches, although decimal inches may be used instead. Thickness is typically listed in decimal inches although we often convert it to fractional inches for convenience. Washers are available in metric dimensions also for using with metric size bolts. Washers can be made in any required dimensions .
As per requirement any type of coating can be applied.